PHP Basics
PHP Introduction
Last Updated: November 30, 2025What is PHP? PHP is an acronym for PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor. It is an open-source, HTML-embedded server-side scripting language used...
PHP Installation and Environment Setup
Last Updated: November 30, 2025Since PHP is a server-side language, you cannot simply open a PHP file in your browser. You need a functioning...
PHP Basic Syntax, Variables, and Comments
Last Updated: November 30, 2025This chapter introduces the fundamental rules and structure required to write any valid PHP script. 1. PHP Tags (The Essential...
PHP Data Types
Last Updated: November 30, 2025A data type defines the kind of data a variable can hold (e.g., text, whole numbers, or decimal numbers). Knowing...
PHP Operators
Last Updated: November 30, 2025Operators are symbols used to perform operations on variables and values. Understanding how to use operators is essential for performing...
PHP Conditional Statements
Last Updated: December 3, 2025Conditional statements are used to perform different actions for different decisions. They allow your script to make choices, which is...
PHP Loops
Last Updated: December 3, 2025Loops are used to execute the same block of code a specified number of times or while a specified condition...
PHP Arrays
Last Updated: December 3, 2025An array is a special variable that can hold more than one value at a time. Instead of declaring separate...
PHP Functions (Your Code’s Tool Box)
Last Updated: December 3, 2025Imagine a complex task, like assembling a piece of furniture. You wouldn’t want to re-read the entire instruction manual every...
PHP Forms and User Input
Last Updated: December 3, 2025Forms are the gateway for data input on the web. They allow users to submit information (like a name, email,...
PHP Sessions and Cookies (Maintaining User State)
Last Updated: December 3, 2025In web development, HTTP is a stateless protocol, meaning once a page is loaded, the server forgets everything about the...
PHP and MySQL: Database Connection
Last Updated: December 3, 2025Almost every modern web application—from a simple blog to a complex e-commerce site—relies on a database to store its content,...
PHP and MySQL: CRUD Operations
Last Updated: December 3, 2025CRUD is an acronym for the four fundamental operations required to manage persistent data in any application: Create, Read, Update,...
PHP and MySQL: Prepared Statements and SQL Injection (Security)
Last Updated: December 3, 2025Using variables directly in your SQL queries, as we did in the previous chapter, exposes your application to a critical...
PHP Strings and String Functions
Last Updated: December 3, 2025A String is a sequence of characters, and it is arguably the most frequently used data type in any programming...
PHP Date and Time
Last Updated: December 3, 2025Dealing with dates and times is a common, but often tricky, requirement in web development. You need to handle user...
PHP Numbers and Math (Calculations and Functions)
Last Updated: December 3, 2025In PHP, numbers are primarily categorized as either Integers (whole numbers) or Floats (numbers with a decimal component). PHP provides...
PHP File Handling
Last Updated: December 3, 2025File Handling refers to the ability to read from and write data to files stored on your server’s filesystem. This...
PHP Constants and Magic Constants
Last Updated: December 3, 2025A Constant is an identifier (a name) for a simple value that cannot be changed during the execution of the...
PHP Regular Expressions (RegEx)
Last Updated: December 3, 2025Regular Expressions (RegEx) are sequences of characters that define a search pattern. They are an indispensable tool for complex string...
PHP Superglobals
Last Updated: December 3, 2025Superglobals are built-in variables in PHP that are always accessible from any script, function, or class, without having to use...
PHP File Uploads
Last Updated: December 3, 2025Handling file uploads requires coordination between the HTML form and the PHP server-side script. It is a critical function for...
PHP Type Casting
Last Updated: December 3, 2025Now that we’ve set the stage, let’s cover the essential technical concept of Type Casting, which is crucial for controlling...
PHP Form Handling
Last Updated: December 3, 2025Form Handling is arguably the most critical step in web development, as it allows users to interact with your application....