PHP Advanced
PHP Date and Time
Last Updated: December 3, 2025While the procedural date() and strtotime() functions are useful, they can be messy when dealing with time zone conversions, arithmetic...
PHP Include and Require
Last Updated: December 3, 2025In building any website, you frequently need to use the same block of code on multiple pages—think of a standard...
PHP File Handling (Advanced Stream Functions)
Last Updated: December 3, 2025Modern PHP offers high-level functions that treat files as simple streams of data. These functions are often preferred over the...
PHP File Open/Read (Handling File Pointers)
Last Updated: December 3, 2025While file_get_contents() is convenient for small files, professional applications often require explicit control over the file stream for three main...
PHP File Create/Write (Handling File Pointers)
Last Updated: December 3, 2025For advanced tasks like updating specific sections of a large binary file, or ensuring precise control over concurrency (multiple users...
PHP Cookies (Client-Side State Management)
Last Updated: December 3, 2025A Cookie is a small piece of data that a server sends to a user’s web browser. The browser stores...
PHP Sessions (Server-Side State Management)
Last Updated: December 3, 2025Unlike Cookies, which store data on the user’s browser, Sessions store the data on the server. Only a unique Session...
PHP Filters (Data Cleaning and Validation)
Last Updated: December 3, 2025When dealing with data from external sources (user forms, cookies, APIs, etc.), that data is inherently untrusted and must be...
PHP Filters Advanced (Schematic Validation)
Last Updated: December 3, 2025In real-world applications, you often need to validate dozens of input fields from a form ($_POST) or a URL ($_GET)....
PHP Callback Functions (Dynamic Functions)
Last Updated: December 3, 2025A Callback Function (or simply a “callback”) is a function that is passed as an argument to another function and...
PHP JSON (Data Interchange Format)
Last Updated: December 3, 2025JSON is built on two simple structures: The primary goal of JSON handling in PHP is to convert data between...
PHP Exceptions and Error Management
Last Updated: December 3, 2025In older PHP code, errors often resulted in the script halting and displaying ugly error messages to the user. Exceptions...