Basic Arithmetic and Output Formatting

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Programming Exercise: Basic Arithmetic Operations

This exercise reinforces your knowledge of:

Reading integer input using the Scanner class.
Performing the four basic arithmetic operations.
Using System.out.print() to format results on a single line, separated by spaces.

Problem Statement:

Given two integers, A and B, as input. Print the results of the following four operations in the specified order: addition (A+B), multiplication (A*B), subtraction (A-B), and division (A/B).

Constraint	Value
Input Format	Two separate lines, each containing a single integer.
Output Format	A single line containing the four results, separated by a single space.

Example:

Input	Output	Explanation
A: 4 B: 5	9 20 -1 0	Addition 4 + 5 = 9 Multiplication 4 × 5 = 20 Subtraction 4 − 5 = −1 Division 4 / 5 = 0

Java Solution and Breakdown

The solution uses the Scanner for input and relies on System.out.print() (or a single System.out.println() with concatenation) to ensure all results stay on the same line, separated by spaces.

1. Complete Java Code

import java.util.Scanner;

public class BasicArithmetic {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 1. Initialize the Scanner object for input.
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);

        // 2. Read the two integers, A and B.
        int A = sc.nextInt();
        int B = sc.nextInt();
        
        sc.close();

        // 3. Calculate and print the four results on a single line.
        // We use System.out.print() for each result, followed by a space, 
        // except for the last one.
        
        // A + B (Addition)
        System.out.print(A + B);
        System.out.print(" "); // Separator

        // A * B (Multiplication)
        System.out.print(A * B);
        System.out.print(" "); // Separator

        // A - B (Subtraction)
        System.out.print(A - B);
        System.out.print(" "); // Separator

        // A / B (Division)
        // Integer division results in an integer (truncates the decimal part).
        System.out.println(A / B); 
        // System.out.println() is used here to end the entire output line.
    }
}

2. Explanation of Key Concepts

Concept	Code Section	Description
Integer Input	`int A = sc.nextInt();`	The `sc.nextInt()` method is used to read and store the user’s input as an integer (`int`).
Arithmetic Operators	`A + B`, `A * B`, etc.	These are the standard Java arithmetic operators. Since A and B are `int` types, the results will also be integers.
Integer Division	`A / B`	When dividing two integers (`int`), Java performs integer division, meaning any fractional part is truncated (discarded). For example, $4/5$ results in $0$.
Single-Line Output	`System.out.print(" ")`	To ensure all four numbers are on the same line, the `System.out.print()` method is used for the first three results. A space (`" "`) is explicitly printed after each result to act as the required separator.
Line End	`System.out.println(A / B);`	The final result uses `System.out.println()` to print the value and then move the cursor to the next line, effectively ending the program’s output.